B.Pharmacy Semester 4

Semester 4 – Outline of Subjects and Units

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III

1. Aromatic Electrophilic & Nucleophilic Substitution

2. Heterocyclic Chemistry (Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine, Quinoline)

3. Chemistry of Steroids & Antibiotics

4. NSAIDs, Sulfa Drugs & Their Mechanisms

5. Named Organic Reactions & Mechanisms (Wurtz, Sandmeyer, Reimer–Tiemann, etc.)

Physical Pharmaceutics II

1. Interfacial Phenomena & Surface Chemistry (Adsorption, Surface Tension, Wettability)

2. Colloidal Dispersions (Theory; Lyophilic vs. Lyophobic Stability)

3. Emulsions & Suspensions (Types, Preparation, Characterization & Stability Testing)

4. Rheology of Pharmaceutical Systems (Flow Behavior, Viscosity Measurements)

5. Diffusion & Dissolution Phenomena (Fick’s Laws, Dissolution Testing)

6. Stability of Dosage Forms (Physical, Chemical, Microbial; Accelerated Studies)

Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry I

1. Introduction to Pharmacognosy (History, Scope & Drug Sources)

2. Biosynthesis & Classification of Secondary Metabolites

3. Carbohydrates & Glycosides (Structure, Occurrence & Pharmacological Importance)

4. Alkaloids (Classification, Isolation & Pharmacology)

5. Terpenoids & Essential Oils (Extraction, Analysis & Therapeutic Uses)

6. Phytochemical Screening & Chromatographic Techniques (TLC, HPTLC, GC, HPLC)

Pharmaceutical Microbiology

1. Microbial Taxonomy & Morphology (Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoa)

2. Culture Media & Sterile Techniques (Preparation, Sterilization Methods)

3. Microbial Growth, Enumeration & Control (Disinfectants, Antiseptics, Preservatives)

4. Sterility & Endotoxin Testing (Pharmacopoeial Methods)

5. Microbial Assay of Antibiotics & Vaccines

6. Contamination Control in Pharma (Clean Room Design & Validation)

Pathophysiology I

1. Cell Injury, Adaptation & Death (Hypoxia, Free Radicals, Apoptosis)

2. Inflammation & Repair (Acute & Chronic; Mediators; Wound Healing)

3. Cardiovascular Disorders (Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, Heart Failure)

4. Respiratory Disorders (COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia)

5. Gastrointestinal Disorders (Peptic Ulcer, Hepatitis, IBD)

6. Renal & Hepatic Disorders (Glomerulonephritis, Cirrhosis)

7. Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders (Diabetes, Thyroid Diseases)

Biostatistics & Research Methodology

1. Introduction to Biostatistics (Data Types, Sampling Techniques)

2. Descriptive Statistics (Central Tendency & Dispersion)

3. Probability & Frequency Distributions (Binomial, Poisson, Normal)

4. Inferential Statistics (Hypothesis Testing, Confidence Intervals, p Values)

5. Study Designs (Observational, Experimental; Clinical Trial Phases)

6. Computer Applications in Pharmacy (MS Excel, SPSS/SAS/R Basics)

🔖 What You’ll Get in Each Subject Page

• Unit‑wise Study Notes: Detailed theory, annotated diagrams, comparison tables

• Practice MCQs: Reinforce key concepts & prepare for exams

• Applied Case Studies: Real‑world scenarios and problem‑solving exercises

• Interactive Visuals: Videos, flowcharts & animations (coming soon)

💡 Student Tip
Start with Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III to build on your Semester 3 chemistry foundation—mastery here will streamline your understanding of drug action and formulation that follow.

🔔 Stay Tuned
Weekly uploads of new practice questions, past‑year exam highlights, and interactive tutorials. Bookmark this page for seamless access to all your Semester 4 resources!