b_pharmacy_semester4

B Pharmacy Sem 4: Biostatistics & Research Methodology Subject 6. Biostatistics & Research Methodology 1. Introduction to Biostatistics (Data Types, Sampling Techniques) 2. Descriptive Statistics (Measures of Central Tendency & Dispersion) 3. Probability & Frequency Distributions (Binomial, Poisson, Normal) 4. Inferential Statistics (Hypothesis Testing, Confidence Intervals, p Values) 5. Study Designs (Observational, Experimental; Clinical Trials Phases) 6. Introduction to Computer Applications […]

B Pharmacy Sem 4: Pathophysiology   Subject 5. Pathophysiology 1. Cell Injury, Adaptation & Death (Hypoxia, Free Radicals, Apoptosis) 2. Inflammation & Repair (Acute & Chronic; Mediators; Wound Healing) 3. Cardiovascular Disorders (Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, Heart Failure) 4. Respiratory Disorders (COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia) 5. Gastrointestinal Disorders (Peptic Ulcer, Hepatitis, IBD) 6. Renal & Hepatic Disorders (Glomerulonephritis, Cirrhosis) 7. Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders (Diabetes

B Pharmacy Sem 4: Pharmaceutical Microbiology   Subject 4. Pharmaceutical Microbiology 1. Microbial Taxonomy & Morphology (Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoa) 2. Culture Media & Sterile Techniques (Preparation, Sterilization Methods) 3. Microbial Growth, Enumeration & Control (Disinfectants, Antiseptics, Preservatives) 4. Sterility Testing & Endotoxin Testing (Pharmacopoeial Methods) 5. Microbial Assay of Antibiotics & Vaccines 6. Microbial Contamination Control in Pharmaceuticals (Clean Room,

B Pharmacy Sem 4: Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry I   Subject 3. Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry I 1. Introduction to Pharmacognosy (History, Scope & Sources of Drugs) 2. Biosynthesis & Classification of Secondary Metabolites 3. Carbohydrates & Glycosides (Structure, Occurrence & Pharmacological Importance) 4. Alkaloids (Classification, Isolation Techniques & Pharmacological Activities) 5. Terpenoids & Essential Oils (Extraction, Analysis & Therapeutic Uses) 6. Phytochemical Screening &

B Pharmacy Sem 4: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III Subject  2: Physical Pharmaceutics II 1. Interfacial Phenomena & Surface Chemistry (Adsorption, Surface Tension, Wettability) 2. Colloidal Dispersions (Theory, Stability of Lyophilic & Lyophobic Systems) 3. Emulsions & Suspensions (Types, Preparation, Characterization & Stability Testing) 4. Rheology of Pharmaceutical Systems (Flow Behavior, Viscosity Measurements) 5. Diffusion & Dissolution Phenomena (Fick’s Laws, Dissolution Testing Methods)

B Pharmacy Sem 4: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III Subject: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III 1. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Reactions (Nitration, Sulfonation, Halogenation, Friedel–Crafts)    2. Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions    3. Heterocyclic Chemistry (Five‐ and Six‐Membered Rings; Synthesis & Reactions of Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine, Quinoline)    4. Chemistry of Steroids and Antibiotics (Structural Features & Key Synthetic Steps)    5. Pharmaceuticals: NSAIDs, Sulfa Drugs & Their Mechanisms    6. Named Organic Reactions &